A comprehensive review of neuroarchitecture measurement tools and methods

What the study found

EEG dominates the field; affect is studied more often than cognition or decision-making; multimodal standardization remains limited.

Limitations

Measurement diversity and small-study designs limit synthesis across studies.

Neurodesign interpretation

The field has a measurement imbalance. Adding more EEG is less useful than connecting brain, autonomic, behavior and subjective data around one well-defined spatial manipulation.

Possible design implications

Build Neurodesign studies around multimodal outcomes, preregistered spatial variables and repeatable exposure protocols.

Why it stays in the corpus

Retain as the 2026 methods benchmark.

Study design

PRISMA systematic review

Population

Humans across 140 neuroarchitecture studies

Setting

Physical and immersive environments

Field

Neuroarchitecture

Mechanism

CNS, PNS, behavioral and subjective measurement

Spatial variable

Built-environment stimuli

Keywords

neuroarchitecture, EEG, methods, HRV, EDA, VR